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| + | <h1 style="margin:18px 0; text-align:center; font-size:125%; border-bottom:0;">Welcome to [[xFamily - Children of God:About|xFamily.org]], a collaboratively edited encyclopedia about [[The Family International]]/[[Children of God]] [[cult]].</h1> |
| − | <h3>Featured Pages</h3>
| + | {| cellpadding="2" style="background:#f0f0ff; width:100%; border:double #8080bc; border-width:4px 1px; margin-bottom:8px;" |
| − | <div style="float:left;margin-right:22px;">[[Image:Zerby mug s.gif]]</div>
| + | |style="padding:0 8px;"|'''[[Spotlight]]: <span style="font-size:110%;">[[Michael Hawron]]</span>''' |
| − | *'''[[Karen Zerby]]''' — Info about and photos of "Mama Maria", current leader of The Family
| + | |style="text-align:center;"|'''[[Special:NewestPages/-/50|New Articles]]''' — Most recently created articles |
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| + | |style="text-align:right; padding:0 8px;"|'''[[Featured Requests]] |
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| − | <div style="float:left;margin-right:22px;">[[Image:Rickyvidthumb_s.gif]]</div>
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| − | *'''[[Ricky Rodriguez video]]''' — Full video created by [[Ricky Rodriguez]] ("Davidito") shortly before his [[Angela Smith's death|murder]]–[[Ricky Rodriguez's death|suicide]].
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| − | *'''[[Ricky Rodriguez Video Transcript]]'''
| + | Due to the [[:Category:Secrecy|secrecy]] that shrouds many of The Family's activities, we [[Contributing Information|work together]] to collate and divulge information. We are currently working on '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' articles. |
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| − | *'''[[Berg on Incest]]''' — Positions on Incest
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| − | </div>
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| − | </div>
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| − | xFamily.org is a collaboratively edited encyclopedia about [[The Family]]/[[Children of God]] group. Due to the [[Selah|secrecy]] that shrouds many of The Family's activities we [[Contributing Information|work together to collate and divulge information]].
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| − | The position of this website is neither for or against The Family as it is a collaborative work that is aimed at supporting contributions from diverse individuals. Individuals contributing to this project might have taken up a favorable or unfavorable position on The Family but through peer review we maintain objectivity. If you have a factual correction to make, feel free to [[Contact Us|contact us]]. While we may not agree with the facts as you see them we will take your suggestion into consideration and present the information here as fairly as possible.
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| − | ''We welcome you to also visit the '''[http://xchildrenofgod.xfamily.org xFamily Forum]'''.''
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| − | [[Glossary]] - An index of definitions for terminology particular to The Family. | + | <h2>Featured Pages</h2> |
| | + | <div style="float:left; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #e2b4af;">[[Image:Forum.gif|xFamily Forum]]</div> |
| | + | [[Image:Icon_star.gif|Featured page icon]]'''[http://groups.able2know.org/xfamily/ xFamily Forum]''' — A place to request and contribute information, and find out what our latest research is on.<br clear="all"> |
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| − | ==Categories== | + | <div style="float:left; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #e2b4af;">[[Image:Zerby_mug_s.gif|Karen Zerby]]</div> |
| − | ===Beliefs and Practices===
| + | '''[[Karen Zerby]]''' — Info about "Mama Maria", current leader of The Family.<br clear="all"> |
| − | *[[:Category:Beliefs and Practices|Beliefs and Practices]] — Beliefs and Practices in The Family at various stages.
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| − | **[[:Category:Beliefs|Beliefs]] — Beliefs held by The Family
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| − | **[[:Category:Practices|Practices]] — Practices in The Family
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| − | ***[[:Category:Abuse|Abuse]] — Abuse that occured in The Family
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| − | ***[[Selah|Secrecy]] — Secrecy within The Family
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| − | ***[[:Category:Finances|Finances]] — Finances within The Family
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| | | | |
| − | ===Events and History=== | + | <div style="float:left; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #e2b4af;">[[Image:Rickyvidthumb_s.gif|Ricky Rodriguez video]]</div> |
| − | *[[:Category:Events|Events]]
| + | '''[[Ricky Rodriguez video]]''' — Full video created by [[Ricky Rodriguez]] before his [[Angela Smith's death|murder]]–[[Ricky Rodriguez's death|suicide]].<br clear="all"> |
| − | **[[:Category:Timeline|Timeline]] — Articles that contain lists of events for a particular year.
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| − | **[[:Category:Deaths|Deaths]] — People who were current or former members at the time of their death.
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| − | ***[[:Category:Suicides|Suicides]] — People who were current or former members at the time they committed suicide.
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| | | | |
| − | ===People===
| + | *'''[[:Category:Video Archives|Video Archives]]''' — TV coverage, documentaries and more |
| − | *[[:Category:Current and Former Members|Current and Former Members]] — Information about people who are or have been members of the Family | + | *'''[[Story of Davidito]]''' — Book on [[Ricky Rodriguez|Ricky Rodriguez's]] upbringing |
| − | **[[:Category:Abusers|Abusers]] — Collecting information about abusers | + | *'''[[Flirty Fishing]]''' — Formerly practiced religious prostitution |
| − | **[[:Category:Leaders|Leaders]] — Here you will find the pages for the leaders of The Family | + | *'''[[Loving Jesus]]''' — Doctrine concerning sex with Jesus |
| − | **[[:Category:Pseudonyms|Pseudonyms]] — Pseudonyms used by Family members | + | *'''[[Merry Berg]]''' — Granddaughter of [[David Berg]] who has spoken out against abuse |
| − | *[[:Category:Non-Members|Non-Members]] — People who never were members of The Family but are involved in some way | + | *'''[[Berg and Anti-Semitism]]''' — Collection of writings |
| | + | *'''[[Berg on Incest]]''' — Writings on incest |
| | + | *'''[[Japan Persecution Notices 2005]]''' — Internal documents in reaction to media attention in [[Japan]] |
| | + | *'''[[Spotlight|More featured articles…]]''' |
| | | | |
| − | ===Documents and Articles===
| + | <h3>Featured Forum Discussions</h3> |
| − | *[[:Category:Documents|Documents]] — Documents about The Family International | + | *[http://groups.able2know.org/xfamily/topic/149-1 xFamily Publications Database launched!] |
| − | **[[:Category:Legal Name Changes|Legal Name Changes]] — Documents of court orders for legal name changes | + | *[http://groups.able2know.org/xfamily/topic/147-1 New book 'Not without my sister'] |
| − | **[[:Category:Press|Press]] — An archive of press relating to The Family from around the globe. | + | *[http://groups.able2know.org/xfamily/topic/48-1 Give me a chance!] |
| − | **[[:Category:Testimony|Testimony]] — An archive of testimony relating to The Family
| + | *[http://groups.able2know.org/xfamily/topic/770-1 How does one get over the guilt?] |
| − | ***[[:Category:Testimony#James Penn|James Penn]] — Articles by James Penn.
| + | |style="padding:1em; border:1px solid #b4b4e2; background:#f0f0ff;"| |
| − | **[[:Category:Family Media|Family Media]] — An archive of multimedia published by The Family.
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| − | ***[[:Category:Family Videos|Family Videos]] — Videos published by The Family.
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| − | ***[[:Category:Family Publications|Family Publications]] — Publications by The Family.
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| − | ***[[:Category:Family Music and Audio|Family Music and Audio]] — Audio published by The Family.
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| − | ===Photo Archives=== | + | <h2>Categories</h2> |
| − | *[[:Category:Photo Archives|Photos]] — Archive of all photos found on this site
| + | {| style="background:#f0f0ff;" |
| − | **[[:Category:Photos of Family Leaders|Photos of Family Leaders]] — Photos of [[Karen Zerby]], [[Steven Kelly]], COs and other Family Leaders
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| − | **[[:Category:Photos of WS Members|Photos of WS Members]] — Photos of Family members working in Creations and World Services
| + | |style="width:50%; padding-right:5px; border-right:1px solid #e3e3f9;"| |
| − | **[[:Category:Photos of FCF Directors|FCF Directors]] — Photos of Directors and Staff of the Family Care Foundation
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| − | **[[:Category:Photos of Deceased Members|Photos of Deceased Members]] — Photos of former members who have passed away
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| − | **[[:Category:Photos of Current and Former Members|Photos of Current and Former Members]] — Photos of current and former Family members
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| − | **[[:Category:Scanned Publications|Scanned Publications]] — Scans of Family publications and images contained therein
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| | | | |
| − | ===Operations===
| + | <h3>Beliefs and Practices</h3> |
| − | *[[:Category:Places|Places]] — Articles that connect events to places. | + | *[[:Category:Beliefs|Beliefs]] — Beliefs held by The Family |
| − | *[[:Category:Fronts|Fronts]] — Organizations behind which The Family has operated or currently operates. | + | **[[:Category:Sexuality|Sexuality]] — Beliefs and practices regarding sex |
| | + | **[[:Category:Theology|Theology]] |
| | + | ***[[:Category:Spirit World|Spirit World]] — Beliefs about spiritual beings and the supernatural realm |
| | + | *[[:Category:Practices|Practices]] — Practices in The Family |
| | + | **[[:Category:Abuse|Abuse]] |
| | + | **[[:Category:Child Abduction|Child Abduction]] |
| | + | **[[:Category:Discipline|Discipline]] |
| | + | **[[:Category:Education|Education]] |
| | + | **[[:Category:Finances|Finances]] |
| | + | **[[:Category:Proselytization|Proselytization]] |
| | + | **[[:Category:Secrecy|Secrecy]] |
| | | | |
| − | ===External Links===
| + | <h3>Documents and Articles</h3> |
| − | *[[:Category:Links|Links]] — Here you will find external links categorized | + | *[[:Category:Documents|Documents]] — Documents about The Family |
| | + | **[[:Category:Press|Press]] — Archive of press relating to The Family from around the world |
| | + | **[[:Category:Testimony|Testimony]] |
| | + | **[[:Category:Opinion|Opinion]] |
| | | | |
| | + | <h3>History and Events</h3> |
| | + | *[[:Category:History|History]] |
| | + | **[[:Category:Deaths|Deaths]] and [[:Category:Suicides|Suicides]] |
| | + | **[[:Category:Legal Action|Legal Action]] — Legal action currently or previously taken against The Family |
| | + | **[[:Category:Timeline|Timeline]] — Lists of events for particular years |
| | | | |
| − | [[Special:Categories|All Categories]]
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| | | | |
| − | =Children of God/The Family=
| + | <h3>Multimedia Archives</h3> |
| | + | *[[:Category:Family Media|Family Media]] — Archive of multimedia published by The Family |
| | + | **[[:Category:Family Art|Family Art]] — Images contained in Family publications |
| | + | **[[:Category:Family Music and Audio|Family Music and Audio]] |
| | + | **[[:Category:Family Publications|Family Publications]] |
| | + | **[[:Category:Family Software|Family Software]] — Software for internal use |
| | + | **[[:Category:Family Videos|Family Videos]] |
| | + | **[[:Category:Plagiarism|Plagiarism]] — Plagiarism in Family media |
| | + | *[[:Category:Photo Archives|Photo Archives]] — Archive of photos found on this site |
| | + | *[[:Category:Video Archives|Video Archives]] — TV coverage of The Family, and other video found on this site |
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| − | The '''Children of God''' (COG), later known as the '''Family of Love''' and '''The Family''' and now '''The Family International''', is a [[new religious movement]] that started in [[1968]] in [[Huntington Beach, California|Huntington Beach]], [[California]], [[United States|USA]]. It sprung from the [[Jesus Movement]] of the late [[1960s]] and early [[1970s]].
| + | <h3>Operations</h3> |
| | + | *[[:Category:Fronts|Fronts]] — Organizations behind which The Family has previously or currently operates |
| | + | *[[:Category:Places|Places]] — Connecting events to places |
| | + | **[[:Category:Family Centers|Family Centers]] — Info about Family Homes |
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| − | ==History==
| + | <h3>People</h3> |
| − | ===The Children of God (1968-1978)===
| + | *[[:Category:Current and Former Members|Current and Former Members]] — Info about people who are or have been members of The Family |
| − | The founder of the movement was a former [[Christian Missionary Alliance]] pastor, [[David Berg|David Brandt Berg]] ([[1919]]-[[1994]]), also known as Moses David, Mo, Father David, King David, and Dad to adult group members and eventually as Grandpa to the group's youngest members.
| + | **[[:Category:Abusers|Abusers]] — Collecting info about abusers |
| − | | + | **[[:Category:Leaders|Leaders]] — Leaders of The Family |
| − | Members of the Children of God founded communes, which they called "[[colonies]]", in various cities around the world. They would [[proselytism|proselytize]] in the streets, and distribute literature. New converts who joined the movement had to memorize [[scripture]] verses and were expected to emulate the lives of early Christians and reject mainstream denominational Christianity. Berg communicated with his followers in his more than 3,000 published letters written over 24 years and called "Mo Letters" by members of the group.
| + | **[[:Category:Music Artists|Music Artists]] — Musicians in The Family |
| − | | + | **[[:Category:Pseudonyms|Pseudonyms]] — Pseudonyms used by Family members |
| − | The Children of God was technically disbanded in January of 1978 after Berg fired all 300 of his top leaders for failing to implement FFing (see below) and abusing their authority. This period was called the "Re-organisation Nationalisation Revolution" (RNR) by Berg. Most members of the Children of God were absorbed into the new Family of Love, which amounted to little more than a name change and new local leadership. Most of the group's beliefs remained the same.
| + | *[[:Category:Non-Members|Non-Members]] — People who were never members of The Family but are involved in some way |
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| − | <blockquote style="padding: 1em; border: 2px dotted green;"> | |
| − | "There has been much semantic posturing, much muddying the waters, and much waste of time over the issue of whether or not the Children of God still exist. These diversionary tactics were deployed to obfuscate the real issue which is whether or not the current leadership are responsible for what happened during the period up to the RNR ... I am totally satisfied that there was a continuous line of top leadership with David Berg and [Karen Zerby] at the helm regulating the affairs of the group which despite changes of name and shape, remained one and the same. The Mo letters relevant in the early days of the Children of God remained as relevant after the RNR and they continue to be relevant today. The name may have changed; various echelons of the leadership chain may have altered; but the command remained with Berg, [Karen Zerby], and his inner cabinet. I find that it was a disingenuous attempt to distance them from their responsibility both for what is and for what was." -- The Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Ward
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| − | </blockquote> | |
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| − | ===The Family of Love (1978-1987)===
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| − | As time passed Berg became more authoritarian and the literature distributed by the group began to be characterized by sexual innuendo. Around 1978, a technique of proselytizing called [[Flirty Fishing]] was developed in which members were encouraged to initiate sexual relations with non-members in order to win converts, supporters, and influential friends. Many female members began working for [[escort agency|escort agencies]]. These and other practices caused many members who considered them questionable to leave the movement.
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| − | The practice of [[Flirty Fishing]] or "FFing" was later officially abandoned around 1987 because of the [[AIDS]] epidemic. There is at least one known case of a female member of the group contracting HIV from a blood transfusion and eventually dying of AIDS.
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| − | <blockquote style="padding: 1em; border: 2px dotted green;">
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| − | The Family describes the practice of Flirty Fishing as follows:
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| − | "''In the latter part of the '70s and early '80s, [David Berg], responding in part to the sexual liberality of that time period, presented the possibility of trying out a more personal and intimate form of witnessing which became known as 'Flirty Fishing' or 'FFing'. In his Letters at that time, he offered the challenging proposal that since 'God is Love' (1 John 4:8), and [what some believe to be] His Son, Jesus, is the physical manifestation and embodiment of God's Love for humanity, then we as Christian recipients of that Love are in turn responsible to be living samples to others of God's great all-encompassing Love. Taking the Apostle Paul's writings literally, that saved Christians are 'dead to the Law [of Moses]' (Romans 7:4), through faith in Jesus, [Berg] arrived at the rather shocking conclusion that Christians were therefore free through God's grace to go to great lengths to show the Love of God to others, even as far as meeting their sexual needs.''"
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| − | </blockquote>
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| − | <blockquote style="padding: 1em; border: 2px dotted green;">
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| − | In his judgment of a child custody court case in England in 1994, after extensive research of Family publications and the testimony of many witnesses, The Lord Justice Ward said this about FFing:
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| − | ''"I am quite satisfied that most of the women who engaged in this activity and the subsequent refinement of ESing, (which was finding men through escort agencies), did so in the belief that they were spreading God's word. But I am also totally satisfied that that was not Berg's only purpose. He and his organization had another and more sordid reason. They were procuring women to become common prostitutes. They were knowingly living in part on the earnings of prostitution. That was criminal activity. Their attempts to deny this must be dismissed as cant and hypocrisy. To deny that the girls were acting as prostitutes because "we are not charging but we expect people to show their thanks and their appreciation and they ought to give more for love than if we charged them" is an unacceptable form of special pleading. The "FFers handbook" told the girls that fishing could be fun but fun did not pay the bills. "You've got to catch a few to make the fun pay for itself. So don't do it for nothing."''
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| − | </blockquote>
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| − | ===The Family (1987-1994)===
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| − | In the [[1990s]] numerous allegations of [[:Category:Pedophilia|pedophilia]] and sexual abuse were laid against The Family in different locations worldwide, including [[Argentina]], [[Australia]], [[Brazil]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Japan]], [[Norway]], [[Peru]], [[Spain]], [[Sweden]], the [[United Kingdom|UK]], the [[United States|USA]], and [[Venezuela]] (see links below). The Family leadership have maintained that they did not sanction or condone the sexual abuse of children. Some claim that government-led investigations and court cases did not convict Family members nor communities, and that no evidence of abuse was found in the 750 plus children examined by state authorities. An outline of each court case and excerpts of rulings of the courts can be found at [http://www.cesnur.org/testi/TheFamily/se_thefamily.htm].
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| − | Berg's writings, however, display an interest in, and lack of concern regarding, sexual contact with children. In "The Devil Hates Sex -- But God Loves It!", Berg wrote:
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| − | <blockquote style="padding: 1em; border: 2px dotted green;">
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| − | The only way to get free of (the devil) and his lies and his prohibitions and guilt complexes about sex is to get rid of his lies and his lying propaganda, his anti-sex propaganda, and believe the Lord and his word and his creation and God's love and his freedom! - that there is nothing in the world at all wrong with sex as long as it's practised in love, whatever it is or whoever it's with, no matter who or what age or what relative or what manner -- and you don't hardly dare even say these words in private. If the law ever got a hold of this, they would try to string me up! They would probably lynch me before I got to the jail! When Paul said "All things are lawful unto me, but all things are not expedient" (1 COR 6: 12), he was as good as saying, "I can indulge in any kind of sex I want to, but I've got to watch out for the System because it's against the law!" (Maria/Zerby: At least not let'em find out if you do it!)... We are free in privacy, and that's about all, and we mightn't be free if they discovered what we do in private!... There are no relationship restrictions or age limitations in his law of love.... If you hate sex you are one of the devil's crowd! If you think it's evil, then God and love are evil, for he created it! Come on, let's love and enjoy it like God does! He loves it.! </blockquote>
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| − | Berg would later describe his dreams of having sex with pre-pubescent girls (The Little Girl Dream) as well as his fantasies of having sex with his own mother. It should be noted that the Family has removed these publications from circulation in what they claim was an official renouncement of these teachings.
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| − | In addition, a childcare manual published by the group in January of 1982 vividly describes, with photographs, the sexual activity that took place between the son of [[Karen Zerby]] and his governesses, particularly Sara (also known as Sara Davidito, Sara Kelley, or Prisca Kelley; she later became a top leader in the organization). This 700-page manual, and all other publications that seem to approve of pedophilia or incest have since been removed from circulation, but copies still exist, mainly in the private collections of former members.
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| − | The boy mentioned above (the natural son of Karen Zerby and a Spanish hotel employee whom she "FFed"), was called Davidito (little David) within the group. His real name was Richard Peter Rodriguez (also Richard Peter Smith and David Moses Zerby). He was considered to be the adopted son of David Berg although no official adoption ever took place. As Davidito grew up he developed a deep seated resentment towards Berg and Zerby because of the sexual abuse he had suffered as a child due to their policies and because of the unnatural way in which he was raised. He would later state that he and his sister were never allowed to be "just children". They always had to perform and demonstrate their supposed natural superiority to other children in the group.
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| − | When Davidito grew to adulthood he left the group entirely, married and tried to live a normal life outside this group. In October 2004, he moved to Tucson,Arizona and worked as an electrician for a business owned by a former member. According to accounts by his friends and relatives, he moved there because he heard his mother had visited and he wanted to find her. In January 2005, he arranged a meeting with a close associate of his mothers and one of his former abusers, Angela Smith (formerly Susan Joy Kauten) and stabbed her to death in his apartment. He then drove to Blythe, Arizona where he shot himself in the head. He released a video to be distributed to friends, family and former members explaining his actions. According to an article in the New York Times, in the video, "he said he saw himself as a vigilante avenging children like him and his sisters who had been subject to rapes and beatings. "There's this need that I have," he said. "It's not a want. It's a need for revenge. It's a need for justice, because I can't go on like this." [http://www.religionnewsblog.com/9922 "Murder and Suicide Reviving Claims of Child Abuse in Cult, Laurie Goodstein, New York Times, January 15, 2005. pg. A-1].
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| − | The group's current policy (as of 1995) forbids, under penalty of full excommunication, sexual contact with minors, and the group has not accepted any responsibility for abuses that occurred during the more permissive period created by Berg's writings. It maintains, rather, that any abuses were the work of individual members. According to [[Eileen Barker]]'s book ''An Introduction to New Religious Movements'', the group has been acquitted of all charges of sexual abuse of children. The Rt. Hon. [[Lord Justice Ward]] ruled in a [[1995]] court case that the group, including its top leadership had engaged in abusive sexual practices involving minors, that they had also engaged in severe [[corporal punishment]] and sequestration of minor children. However, in a last minute turn around, he said that The Family had abandoned these former practices and that they were a safe environment for children, with some reservations: he required that the group cease all corporal punishment of children in the United Kingdom, improve the education of members' children, denounce Berg's writings, and "acknowledge that through his writings Berg was personally responsible for children in The Family having been subjected to sexually inappropriate behaviour" (see links below).
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| − | Although the group has publicly renounced former policies and doctrines that condoned or encouraged sex between adults and minors, in their internal publications there has been no such renunciation. Evidence of this is represented by the following quote from Family leader Karen Zerby:
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| − | <blockquote style="padding: 1em; border: 2px dotted green;">
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| − | "''This [sexual contact between adults and minors] is about the only subject where we're really going along with the System, we're playing along with them, we're acting like we believe what we did was wrong, because we have changed, and stopped doing it . . . We need to somehow explain to our [teenagers] that love and loving affection is not wrong. As it says in [Berg's writings], if it's not hurtful, if it's loving, then it's okay. Of course, having actual intercourse with a child wouldn't be okay as it wouldn't be loving, but a little fondling and sweet affection is not wrong in the eyes of God, and if they have experienced the same in the past they weren't 'abused.' . . . We need to explain to our [children] that any experience they may have had along these lines, if it was loving and if it was desired, was not wrong. We need to show them that even if in some case the experience for them wasn't so great, that by comparison to what goes on in the System, it still wasn't 'abuse.'''" --[Karen Zerby], Summit '93, Mama Jewels #2, 1992. p.19. [http://www.geocities.com/magicgreenshirt/downloads/sj_pg19.gif]
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| − | </blockquote>
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| − | ===The Family International (1994-present)===
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| − | After Berg's death in [[October]] of [[1994]], Karen Zerby, from [[Tucson, Arizona]] in the USA, known in the group as Mama, Maria Fontaine, or Queen Maria, took over leadership of the group. She then married her longtime lover, [[Steven Douglas Kelly]], an American also known as Christopher Smith, Peter Amsterdam, or King Peter. He became her traveling representative due to Zerby's [[Hermit|hermitic]] separation from her followers.
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| − | In February of 1995, the group introduced a [http://www.xfamily.org/images/2/2d/Charter.pdf Charter of Rights and Responsibilities]. As its title implies, it set forth a new way of living within the organization. The rights referred to were what a member could expect to receive from the group and how members were to be treated by leadership and fellow members. The responsibilities referred to were what a member was expected to give to the group if he or she wished to remain a full-time member, including [[tithe|tithing]] of up to fourteen percent of his or her income (ten percent to World Services, three percent for regional services and projects, and one percent typically to regional literature publishing). It provided that any of the rights could be revoked at any time by Zerby and Kelly, and more responsibilities could be added.
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| − | ====Recent teachings====
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| − | Of the more unusual teachings Zerby has propagated, her encouragement to followers to engage in a spiritual sexual relationship with [[Jesus]] stands out as the most unusual. Male members of the group are encouraged to visualize themselves as women "in the spirit" during masturbation or intercourse in order to accommodate this practice. This doctrine is explained in the Family publications [http://www.xfamily.org/images/f/f1/Loving_Jesus_Part_1.pdf Loving Jeus Part 1] and [http://www.xfamily.org/images/9/95/Loving_Jesus_Part_2.pdf Loving Jesus Part 2]
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| − | | |
| − | The Family also believes in channeling spiritual beings through prophecy. Members are encouraged to hear from Christ and other spiritual beings multiple times during each day and to make both large and small decisions in consultation with the spirit world. They do this individually and in prayer groups with all members typically expected to contribute at will. It is not uncommon for members to believe they are channeling well-known people from history who are communicating from the afterlife.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Prior to the 1990s this sort of prophecy was not as common among members and was more typical among leadership and prominent members. David Berg himself clearly drew many teachings from external secular and religious references and sources, usually without attribution, and he also frequently channeled people from the afterlife. But it was after his death that the process became more democratized and Zerby has strongly preferred to call on spiritual beings for instructions and advice. It is possible this was prompted in part by clinical blindness that she developed during the 1990s.
| |
| − | | |
| − | As a fundamentalist Christian group, The Family's doctrines tend to be progressive, with a few exceptions. For example, while they view male homosexuality as sin, they are generally accepting of lesbianism, or at least female bisexuality. This was not always the case and more acceptance spread throughout leadership during the 1990s, influenced partly by Karen Zerby's discussions of her own same-sex encounters.
| |
| − | | |
| − | The Family has also slowly moved away from traditional protestant doctrines of Salvation as a requirement before death to one of [[Universal Reconciliation]]. This has partly come about in order to reconcile their belief in hell with other strongly held beliefs in god's absolute love for mankind and forgiveness for human weakness.
| |
| − | | |
| − | The Family continues to stress the imminent Second Coming of Christ, and the rise of a worldwide government and Antichrist figure preceding that. These doctrines regarding the "End time" influence virtually all long-term decision making.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ====The second-generation====
| |
| − | Zerby's practices and teachings have alienated many of the second-generation members of the group, who have left in large numbers to pursue secular careers. There is a great deal of anti-Family sentiment among many of those who have left, including threats to legally pursue alleged physical and sexual abusers, whom, it is thought, may have been shielded from prosecution by the group's leadership.
| |
| − | | |
| − | As former [[Missionary Kids|missionary kids]], this second-generation of former members have now become adults. Many have returned to the country of their citizenship and have, thus, become [[Third Culture Kids]] (TCKs).
| |
| − | | |
| − | Many of these former second-generation members have kept in communication with each other. A notable example of this is their use of the site, [http://www.movingon.org MovingOn.org]. Generally, many of them have left the religious discipline of their parents. The Family International prefers to call these former members [[apostates]]. The former members resent this label, as most of them never chose to join this group in the first place (they were born into it) and, thus, can not rightly be called "apostates".
| |
| − | | |
| − | ====[[Secrecy]]====
| |
| − | A consistent trait throughout the history of The Family has been their aversion to government oversight and extreme secrecy surrounding leadership and finances. World Services (WS), the central administrative wing of The Family, continues to operate in complete secrecy, with very few members of The Family actually knowing their whereabouts or the identities of the members of those offices, most of whom operate under pseudonyms instead of their more commonly known "Bible names". Many of them have also legally changed their names and some sources have indicated that they have used fake passports in the past.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Senior leadership also typically still attempt to keep their legal names from common circulation, although this has became more difficult through the second half of the 1990s, due to legal action in many countries. In particular, a major court case in England brought to light many formerly guarded names of senior members.
| |
| − | | |
| − | In The Family's publications printed photographs of WS members were typically "censored" by means of a rudimentary pencil drawing pasted over the persons face. It was not uncommon in Family-produced art for Berg's head to be replaced with that of a hand-drawn lion.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Following the death of David Berg in 1994, all members of The Family were finally allowed to see up-to-date photographs of the organization's late founder. For many members this was the first time they had ever seen a photograph of his face. In recent years, Steven Kelly has carried pictures of Karen Zerby with him on travels to show members, since most have never seen a picture of their spiritual leader prior to this.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Although, by now, most of the group's members will have seen photographs or video footage of Karen Zerby and Steven Kelly, their identities and location are still heavily guarded by those members working closest to them. Recent photographs or video footage of Karen Zerby, Steven Kelly, and most WS members are not readily available even to fulltime members of The Family.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ====[[Finances]]====
| |
| − | Family finances are based on a system of [[tithe|tithing]]. Ten percent of all income for all members is required to be donated to World Services. A further three percent, typical in every region, is to be donated to the regional offices for locally administered projects and a community lending program. A further one percent is given for regional literature publishing.
| |
| − | | |
| − | A study of how The Family channels funds around the world is very interesting from a sociological angle since it depends largely on trust of carefully placed non-senior members who typically manage bank accounts in their own names that contain organization funds. Surprisingly very little graft has been experienced, and the notable cases involved insubstantial amounts of money.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Organization literature includes many discussions of impending world financial doom. The Family as a result has gone to considerable lengths to avoid investments and actions that it deems unstable in the event of a world financial crash. Typically they store any large amounts of funds in Japanese Yen and Swiss Francs, with other large reserves transferred into gold bullion.
| |
| − | | |
| − | The Family has consistently avoided property investments and stocks or bonds, believing them to be too high risk and too subject to government oversight.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Criticism==
| |
| − | The group has often and heavily been criticized by the press, the [[anti-cult movement]], and the [[Christian countercult movement]]. In [[1972]], an organization called [[FREECOG]] was founded by concerned family members of followers to "free" them from their involvement in the group.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Notable members==
| |
| − | Actors [[River Phoenix]], [[Joaquin Phoenix]], [[Summer Phoenix]], [[Rain Phoenix]], and [[Rose McGowan]] were members of the group during their childhood. [[Jeremy Spencer]], a former member of Fleetwood Mac, is currently a member of the group.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==[[Statistics]]==
| |
| − | | |
| − | According to the Children of God, there were 130 communes or "[[colonies]]" in 15 countries in [[1972]]. In [[1993]], 7,000 of the 10,000 members were under 18 years of age. Recent statistics by The Family International puts full-time and fellow members at just over 11,200 in over 100 countries (around 4,000 adult full-time members and 4,000 children). Some estimates have placed the total number of people that have passed through the group at 35,000.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Programs, projects, and productions==
| |
| − | The Family International (as the group calls itself today) or The Family International Fellowship has various programs through which it operates. The main ones include [[Family Care Foundation]] (FCF), [[Aurora Productions]], and [[Activated Ministries]]. However, the group has many other local foundations and projects in various countries throughout the world, for example (note: Some of the following may no longer be active):
| |
| − | * World Services (WS; location a closely guarded secret; they can be contacted through a Post Office box in [[Zurich, Switzerland]] that has been open for over two decades with the mail handled by the European regional office (EURCRO)
| |
| − | * [[Family Missions Foundation]] in [[Zug]], [[Switzerland]]
| |
| − | * [[Heaven's Magic]]
| |
| − | * Martinelli
| |
| − | * Fellowship of Independent Christian Churches
| |
| − | * Donate Car for Charity [[Spring Valley, California]], [[United States|USA]]
| |
| − | * Teaching, Education and More (TEAM) Foundation in [[Dallas, Texas]], [[United States|USA]] (EIN 75-2790783)
| |
| − | * East European Christian Correspondence Center in [[Hungary]] (previously the "MM Home")
| |
| − | * Asia Vision in [[Thailand]]
| |
| − | * Los Angeles Missionary Base (LAMB)
| |
| − | * Bluebird Family Foundation in [[Hungary]]
| |
| − | * Golden Sunrise Productions Co., Ltd. in [[Taiwan]]
| |
| − | * The Spiritual Retreat and Missionary Training Program in [[United States|USA]]
| |
| − | * Mission Support & Humanitarian Services Program
| |
| − | * Immediate Disaster Relief in [[India]]
| |
| − | * New Horizons - Student Interchange in [[India]]
| |
| − | * Helping Hands
| |
| − | * Milk for Many/Mexcity Mission
| |
| − | * KidzVids International, based in [[Humble, Texas]], [[United States|USA]]
| |
| − | * [http://www.theextramile.org/ The Extra Mile]
| |
| − | * The Family Singers (they usually perform at the [[White House]] every Christmas)
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===[[Aurora Production AG]]===
| |
| − | | |
| − | Aurora Production AG, based in [[Zug]], [[Switzerland]], is the copyright holder and owner of all of The Family International's revenue-producing productions. These include publications, music, and videos (i.e. ''Countdown to Armageddon'' and ''Treasure Attic''). Although ultimate control over this company is in Steven Kelly's hands, on paper the following people are listed as running this company [http://www.hrazg.ch/]:
| |
| − | * Claes Furusjö (Director; [[Johanneshov, Sweden]]; former WS finance manager)
| |
| − | * Richard Müller | |
| − | * Barbara-Maria Buzzi | |
| − | * Ernst Steiner ([[Hünibach, Switzerland]])
| |
| − | * Michael Andrew Darley ([[Houston, Texas]])
| |
| − | * Alconsa Finanz AG (Auditor)
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===[[Family Missions Foundation]]===
| |
| − | | |
| − | Family Missions Foundation, based in Zug, Switzerland [http://www.zug-branchenbuch.com/soc175499/sozialwesen-page1.htm], receives and processes the tithes of members. The board has many of the same names as for Aurora Production AG. The two key people are:
| |
| − | * Chris Smith (aka Steven Kelly; registered in Luzern, Switzerland)
| |
| − | * Thomas Mestyanek (registered in Los Angeles, USA; also Finance Manager of The Family International)
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===[[Activated Ministries]]===
| |
| − | | |
| − | A Family International–operated charitable foundation in Escondido, California (EIN 33-0857142). All the Directors are Family International members. Thomas Hack, a high-ranking Family International officer and former director of FCF, is the President. Activated Ministries is a licensed distributor of Aurora products worldwide, including the magazines ''Activated'' and ''The Wine Press'', both of which promote Family International beliefs and practices. It is The Family International's largest outreach operation. Activated Ministries openly acknowledges its support of The Family International and links to The Family International website. Activated Ministries has also made at least one cash donation to FCF. [http://www.activated.org] [http://www.activatedministries.org]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Productions===
| |
| − | | |
| − | * ''[[Activated]]''
| |
| − | * ''[[The Wine Press]]''
| |
| − | * ''[[Treasure Attic]]''
| |
| − | * ''[[Kiddie Viddie]]''
| |
| − | * ''[[Cherub Wings]]''
| |
| − | * ''[[Countdown to Armageddon]]''
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Active areas===
| |
| − | | |
| − | Areas where The Family International have remained active for many years and are generally active today include:
| |
| − | * [[Tateyama]], [[Japan]]
| |
| − | * [[Budapest, Hungary]]
| |
| − | * [[Lima, Peru]]
| |
| − | * [[Bangkok, Thailand]]
| |
| − | * [[Washington, D.C.]], USA
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Leadership, Regional Offices, and Management==
| |
| − | The leadership of The Family International is headed by:
| |
| − | * Karen Elva Zerby
| |
| − | : - spiritual leader of The Family International
| |
| − | : - American
| |
| − | : - legally changed her name ''to'' Katherine Rianna Smith, 4-Nov-1997
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Maria, Mama, Maria Fontaine, Maria David, Maria Berg, or Queen Maria
| |
| − | * Steven Douglas Kelly
| |
| − | : - head-leader of The Family International
| |
| − | : - American
| |
| − | : - legally changed his name ''to'' Chris Smith
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Peter Amsterdam or King Peter
| |
| − | * Kevin Anthony Brown
| |
| − | : - senior leader under Karen Zerby and Steven Kelly (less officially Grant Montgomery)
| |
| − | : - American
| |
| − | : - legally changed his name ''from'' Samuel Charles Perfilio, 29-Sep-1993
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Matthew or John PI
| |
| − | | |
| − | Under them, management is divided into ''World Services'', ''Creations'', and ''Family Care Foundation''. The following is a sample of The Family International's current and former leadership or high-profile members (note: Many of them have legally changed their names and have adopted either "Brown" or "Smith" as their surnames):
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===[[World Services]] (WS)===
| |
| − | * Thomas Mestyanek
| |
| − | : - Finance Manager of The Family International
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Shemariah Books or Elliot
| |
| − | * Sean Michael Mullen
| |
| − | : - senior leader under Kevin Brown
| |
| − | : - American
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Francis Fisherman
| |
| − | * Gayle Kelly
| |
| − | : - member of North American leadership (NACRO) and Director of the ''TEAM Foundation''; former wife of Steven Kelly
| |
| − | : - American
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Abi, Abigail or Damaris
| |
| − | * David Forsberg
| |
| − | : - member of North American leadership (NACRO)
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Simon
| |
| − | * Thomas Hack
| |
| − | : - member of North American leadership (NACRO) and President of ''Activated Ministries''; former FCF Director
| |
| − | : - American
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Abner
| |
| − | * Barbara Ann Emerson
| |
| − | : - Executive Secretary to Karen Zerby
| |
| − | : - American
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Misty
| |
| − | * John Francis
| |
| − | : - spokesman for The Family International
| |
| − | * Susan Claire Borowick
| |
| − | : - an official representative of The Family International
| |
| − | * Christina Healey | |
| − | * Jacqueline Sue Scott | |
| − | | |
| − | ===[[Creations]]===
| |
| − | * Micheal Timothy Brown
| |
| − | : - head of Creations | |
| − | : - American | |
| − | : - legally changed his name ''from'' Terry Lee Martin
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Gabe, Jeremy Woods, or John
| |
| − | * Donna Kinnikin
| |
| − | : - head of Creations
| |
| − | : - Canadian
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Vicky or Amy
| |
| − | * Thomas Leonard
| |
| − | : - part of Creations
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Will
| |
| − | * Carol Lloyd
| |
| − | : - part of Creations; former wife of Philip (EURCRO)
| |
| − | : - American
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Palestina
| |
| − | * Cheryl Anne Brown
| |
| − | : - part of Creations
| |
| − | : - American
| |
| − | : - legally changed her name ''from'' Kathleen Mary Fowler, 17-Jun-1993
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Bonnie
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===[[Family Care Foundation]] (FCF)===
| |
| − | * [[Grant Cameron Montgomery]]
| |
| − | : - President of FCF; former Prime Minister of The Family International
| |
| − | : - Canadian/American
| |
| − | : - legally changed his name ''to'' Lee Ronald Smith, 21-Dec-1992
| |
| − | : - legally changed his name ''back to'' Grant Cameron Montgomery, 29-Oct-1996
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Gary, Hosanna, or Paul Papers
| |
| − | * [[Lawrence Corley]] | |
| − | : - Executive Director of FCF
| |
| − | * [[Ken Kelly]] | |
| − | : - an FCF Director; brother of Steven Kelly | |
| − | : - American | |
| − | : - Aliases: Steve Tall
| |
| − | * [[Dr. Christine Mlot]]
| |
| − | : - Treasurer of FCF; wife of Ken Kelly
| |
| − | : - American
| |
| − | * [[Arthur Lindfield]] and [[Becky Lindfield]]
| |
| − | : - FCF India
| |
| − | : - Aliases: King Arthur
| |
| − | * [[Thomas B. Bergstrom]]
| |
| − | : - FCF Indonesia
| |
| − | * [[Mike Edwards]]
| |
| − | : - FCF Mexico; former member of North American leadership team (NACRO)
| |
| − | : - American
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Dust
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Former leaders===
| |
| − | * [[Sara Kelley]]
| |
| − | : - former leader and nanny of Davidito
| |
| − | : - American
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Prisca Kelley or Sara Davidito
| |
| − | * [[Alfred Strickland Kelley]]
| |
| − | : - former leader
| |
| − | : - American
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Alf or Ready
| |
| − | * [[Victor Landivar Trigoso]]
| |
| − | : - former leader and current member in Russia
| |
| − | : - Peruvian
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Francis or Peruvian Manuel
| |
| − | * [[Arnold Dietrich]]
| |
| − | : - not a member for many years, former leader and son-in-law of David Berg
| |
| − | : - American
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Arny or Big Josh
| |
| − | * [[Angela Marilyn Smith]]
| |
| − | : - deceased (Jan-2005); part of Karen Zerby's staff for over 30 years, former FCF director, and former director of a retirement home (Elderhaven, Inc.) run by Zerby's parents in Arizona
| |
| − | : - American
| |
| − | : - legally changed her name ''from'' Susan Joy Kauten, 14-May-1993
| |
| − | : - Aliases: Ceder, Joy, Trust, Hope, or Sue
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Regional Offices===
| |
| − | The Family International divides regional management into zones that have changed very rarely and typically in very small ways over its history. They are:
| |
| − | | |
| − | * [[ASCRO]] (Asian Central Reporting Office): Southeast Asia and Indian Subcontinent; administered in Bangkok, Thailand
| |
| − | * [[EURCRO]] (European Central Reporting Office): Europe, Africa, most of Russia; administered near Zurich, Switzerland by:
| |
| − | ** Lisa (Norwegian)
| |
| − | ** Philip or Zadock Lloyd (American)
| |
| − | * [[NACRO]] (North American Central Reporting Office): United States, Canada, Mexico, Carribean and some countries of Central America; administered in Dallas, TX by:
| |
| − | ** Gayle Kelly (American)
| |
| − | ** Thomas Hack (American)
| |
| − | ** David Forsberg
| |
| − | * [[PACRO]] (Pacific Area Central Reporting Office): Japan, China, Korea, Australia, Far East Russia and other countries of the Pacific; administered in Tokyo, Japan and Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Also known as FENRO (Far East National Reporting Office) when it was located in Hong Kong prior to the 1990s
| |
| − | * [[SACRO]] (South American Central Reporting Office): South America; administered in Santiago, Chile
| |
| − | ** Juan Rosas (Peruvian)
| |
| − | | |
| − | Each region is managed by a team of Continental Officers (COs), each team typically having five to seven members. The management structures beneath the CO team are more variable and their members are changed frequently.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==References==
| |
| − | ===Academic===
| |
| − | | |
| − | * Bainbridge, William Sims (2002). "The Endtime Family: Children of God". ''State University of New York Press'', Albany, NY. | |
| − | * Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (1997). "Dear Colleagues: Integrity and Suspicion in NRM Research" ''University of Haifa'', Haifa, ISRAEL. [http://www.apologeticsindex.org/c59.html Abridged version]
| |
| − | * Chancellor, James (2000). "Life in The Family: An Oral History of the Children of God". ''University of Syracuse Press'', Syracuse, NY.
| |
| − | * Collins, John J. (1991). "The Cult Experience: An Overview of Cults, Their Traditions and Why People Join Them". ''Charles C. Thomas Publisher'', Springfield.
| |
| − | * Kent, Stephen A. (1994). [http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~skent/Linkedfiles/lustfulprophet.htm "Lustful prophet: A psychosexual historical study of the children of god's leader, David Berg."] ''Cultic Studies Journal'' '''11''' (2), 135-188.
| |
| − | * Kent, Stephen A. (1994). [http://www.theonet.dk/spirituality/spirit97-10/cog.html "Misattribution and social control in the Children of God."] ''Journal of Religion and Health'' '''33''' (1), 29–43.
| |
| − | * Kent, Stephen A. (2000). [http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~skent/Linkedfiles/cog_brainwashing.htm "Brainwashing and re-indoctrination programs in the Children of God/The Family."] ''Cultic Studies Journal'' '''17''', 56–78.
| |
| − | * Langone, Michael D (Ed.) (1993). [http://www.csj.org/studyindex/studychild/study_childcult.htm "Children and Cults"]in ''Recovery from Cults: Help for Victims of Psychological and Spiritual Abuse''. W. W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-3933-1321-2.
| |
| − | * Lewis, James R, and J. Gordon Melton, eds. (1994). "Sex, Slander and Salvation; Investigating The Family/Children of God". ''Center for Academic Press, Stanford, CA.
| |
| − | * Lynch, Dalva, and Paul Carden (1990). [http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/cri/cri-jrnl/web/crj0075a.html "Inside the 'Heavenly Elite': The Children of God Today."]. ''Christian Research Journal'', pp 16.
| |
| − | * McFarland, Robert (1994). [http://www.vote.org/ramsey/cults.htm "The Children of God."] ''The Journal of Psychohistory'' '''4'''(21).
| |
| − | * Melton, J. Gordon (2004). "The Children of God, 'The Family' (Studies in Contemporary Religion vol. 7)". Signature Books. ISBN 1-5608-5180-5.
| |
| − | * Melton, J. Gordon and Robert L. Moore (1982). "The Cult Experience: Responding to the New Religious Pluralism". ''The Pilgrim Press'', New York, USA.
| |
| − | * Palmer, Susan J. (1994). [http://www.thefamily.org/dossier/books/book1/chapter1.htm "Heaven's Children: The Children of God's Second Generation"] in Lewis JR and Melton JG (eds.) (1994) [http://www.thefamily.org/dossier/books/book1/toc.htm ''Sex, Slander, and Salvation: Investigating The Family/Children of God''] Stanford, California: Center for Academic Publication. ISBN 0-9639501-2-6. (Note: This book was funded by The Family International)
| |
| − | * Palmer, Susan J., and Charlotte Hardman eds. (1999). ''Children in New Religions'' (3rd ed.). Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-2620-5.
| |
| − | * Shepherd, Gary, and Lawrence Lilliston (1994). [http://www.thefamily.org/dossier/books/book1/chapter5.htm "Field Observations of Young People's Experience and Role in The Family"] in ''Sex, Slander, and Salvation'', ''op. cit.''
| |
| − | * Wilson, Bryan and Jamie Cresswell, eds. (1999). "New Religious Movements: Challenge and Response". ''Routledge'', London, UK.
| |
| − | * Wright, Stuart (1987). "Leaving Cults: The Dynamics of Defection". ''Society for the Scientific Study of Religion''. Washington, D.C., USA.
| |
| − | * Van Zandt, David (1991). "Living in the Children of God". ''Princeton University Press'', Princeton, New Jersy.
| |
| | | | |
| − | ===Journalistic and popular=== | + | |- |
| − | * Bainbridge, William Sims (1996). "The Sociology of Religious Movements". ''Routledge''. ISBN 0-4159-1202-4.
| + | |colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| |
| − | * Barrett, David V. (1989). "New Religious Movements, A Practical Introduction". ''Her Majesty's Stationery Office''. ISBN 0-1134-0927-3.
| + | <h3>Miscellaneous</h3> |
| − | * Barrett, DV (1996). "Sects, Cults and Alternative Religions". ''Blandford A. Cassell''. ISBN 0-7137-2567-2.
| + | *[[:Category:Glossary|Glossary]] — Definitions for terminology particular to The Family |
| − | * Chancellor, James D. (2000). "Life in the Family: An Oral History of the Children of God". ''Syracuse University Press''. ISBN 0-8156-0645-1. | + | *[[:Category:Links|Links]] — External links categorized |
| − | * Davis, Deborah (1984). [http://www.exfamily.org/art/exmem/debdavis/the_cog.html "The Children of God: The Inside Story".] ''Zondervan''. ISBN 0-3102-7840-6. (Davis is one of David Berg's daughters.) | + | *[[Statistics]] — Recent and historical Family demographics and statistics |
| − | * Palmer, Susan and Hardman, Charlotte (edited) (1999). "Children in New Religions". ''Rutgers University Press''. ISBN 0-8135-2619-1. | + | |} |
| − | * Williams, Miriam (1999). "Heaven's Harlots: My Fifteen Years As a Sacred Prostitute in the Children of God Cult". ''Quill''. ISBN 0-6881-7012-9.
| + | |- |
| − | * [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/children_of_god/main.htm "30 Members of Children of God arrested"] (September 2, [[1993]]). ''Washington Post'', pp. A05
| + | |colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| |
| − | * [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/children_of_god/child1.htm "The Family" and Final Harvest"] (June 2, [[1993]]). ''Washington Post'', pp. A01
| + | [[Special:Categories|All Categories]] — Alphabetical listing |
| − | *McManus, Una (1980). "Not for a Million Dollars". Impact Books. ISBN 0-9148-5054-7.
| + | <font style="color:#aaa;">'''|'''</font> |
| | + | [[Special:Randompage|Random Page]] — Read a random xFamily.org article |
| | + | |} |
